Notes-(01)
Completion requirements
(d) describe sp3 hybridisation, as in ethane molecule, sp2 hybridisation, as in ethene and benzene molecules, and sp hybridisation, as in ethyne molecule
(e) explain the shapes of, and bond angles in, the ethane, ethene, benzene, and ethyne molecules in relation to σ and π carbon-carbon bonds
6. Number of σ bond(s) and π bond(s)
6.3. Sigma (σ) bond and Pi (π) bond | Ethene
Sigma(σ) bond | (a): Five σ bonds o One C–C bond: Overlap of sp2 hybrid orbitals on the carbon atom with one sp2 hybrid orbital on the other carbon atom o Four C–H bonds: Overlap between the C atoms’ sp2 orbitals with s orbitals on the hydrogen atoms |
Pi(π) bond | (b): One π bond o Formed by the side-by-side overlap of unhybridized p orbitals on each carbon atom o Two lobes of the π bond are above and below the plane of the σ system |