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11 Organic Chemistry
03 Hydrocarbons
02 Alkenes (exemplified by ethene)
02 Alkenes (exemplified by ethene)
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Enrollment and Payment Gateway
Enrollment and Payment Gateway / Questions
01 Atomic Structure
02 Chemical Bonding
02 Chemical Bonding / 01 Ionic bonding, metallic bonding, covalent bonding and co-ordinate (dative covalent) bonding
02 Chemical Bonding / 02 Shapes of simple molecules and bond angles & 03 Bond polarities and polarity of molecules
02 Chemical Bonding / 04 Intermolecular forces, including hydrogen bonding
02 Chemical Bonding / 05 Bond energies and bond lengths
02 Chemical Bonding / 06 Lattice structure of solids
02 Chemical Bonding / 07 Bonding and physical properties
03 The Gaseous State
04 Theories of Acids and Bases
04 Theories of Acids and Bases / Relative Acidity
05 The Periodic Table
06 The Mole Concept and Stoichiometry
06 The Mole Concept and Stoichiometry / 01 Relative masses of atoms and molecules
06 The Mole Concept and Stoichiometry / 02 The mole, the Avogadro constant
06 The Mole Concept and Stoichiometry / 03 The calculation of empirical and molecular formulae
06 The Mole Concept and Stoichiometry / 04 Reacting masses and volumes (of solutions and gases)
07 Chemical Energetics: Thermochemistry and Thermodynamics (Gibbs Free Energy and Entropy)
08 Reaction Kinetics
08 Reaction Kinetics / 01 Simple Rate Equations
08 Reaction Kinetics / 02 Concept of activation energy
08 Reaction Kinetics / 03 Effect of concentration, temperature, and catalysts on reaction rate
08 Reaction Kinetics / 04 Homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis
08 Reaction Kinetics / 05 Enzymes as biological catalysts
09 Chemical Equilibria
10 Acid-base Equilibria
11 Organic Chemistry
11 Organic Chemistry / 01 Introduction
11 Organic Chemistry / 01 Introduction / 01 Empirical, molecular and structural formulae
11 Organic Chemistry / 01 Introduction / 02 Functional groups and the naming of organic compounds
11 Organic Chemistry / 01 Introduction / 03 Common terms for organic reactions and reactivities
11 Organic Chemistry / 01 Introduction / 04 Shapes of organic molecules; σ and π bonds
11 Organic Chemistry / 02 Isomerism
11 Organic Chemistry / 02 Isomerism / 01 Constitutional (structural)
11 Organic Chemistry / 02 Isomerism / 02 Cis-trans
11 Organic Chemistry / 02 Isomerism / 03 Enantiomerism
11 Organic Chemistry / 02 Isomerism / In each of the sections below, 11.3 to 11.8, candidates will be expected to be able to predict the reaction products of a given compound in reactions that are chemically similar to those specified.
11 Organic Chemistry / 03 Hydrocarbons
11 Organic Chemistry / 03 Hydrocarbons / 01 Alkanes (exemplified by ethane)
11 Organic Chemistry / 03 Hydrocarbons / 02 Alkenes (exemplified by ethene)
11 Organic Chemistry / 03 Hydrocarbons / 03 Arenes (exemplified by benzene and methylbenzene)
11 Organic Chemistry / 03 Hydrocarbons / 04 Hydrocarbons as fuels
11 Organic Chemistry / 08 Nitrogen Compounds
11 Organic Chemistry / 08 Nitrogen Compounds / 01 Amines
11 Organic Chemistry / 08 Nitrogen Compounds / 02 Amides
11 Organic Chemistry / 08 Nitrogen Compounds / 03 Amino acids
11 Organic Chemistry / 08 Nitrogen Compounds / 04 Proteins
11 Organic Chemistry / Reagents and Conditions
11 Organic Chemistry / Relativity
11 Organic Chemistry / Hydrolysis
11 Organic Chemistry / Mechanism
11 Organic Chemistry / Reagent Guide
11 Organic Chemistry / Practical
* Organic Compounds (Glossary)
* Inorganic acids and bases
12 Electrochemistry
Factors related to Chemical Reaction
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(d) explain the general reactivity of alkenes towards electrophilic reagents/electrophiles
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(e) describe the chemistry of alkenes as exemplified, where relevant, by the following reactions of ethene:
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(i) electrophilic addition of water/steam, hydrogen halides and halogens
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(ii) reduction via catalytic hydrogenation (catalytic addition of hydrogen; see also 8(j))
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(iii) oxidation by cold, alkaline solution of manganate(VII) ions to form the diol
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(iv) oxidation by hot, acidified solution of manganate(VII) ions leading to the rupture of the carbon-to-carbon double bond in order to determine the position of alkene linkages in larger molecules
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(f) describe the mechanism of electrophilic addition in alkenes, using bromine with ethene as an example
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(g) apply Markovnikov’s rule to the addition of hydrogen halides to unsymmetrical alkenes, and explain the composition of products in terms of the stability of carbocation intermediates
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